3 Tips for Careful Writers

3 Tips for Careful Writers 3 Tips for Careful Writers 3 Tips for Careful Writers By Mark Nichol 1. Know the Rules This doesn’t intend to just recall what you realized or what you think you realized five or fifty years back. Cautious journalists consistently teach and reinstruct themselves about language structure, punctuation, utilization, and style. In getting ready to compose my posts in the course of the most recent couple of years, I have occupied with broad exploration, counseling print and online specialists to affirm or address my own comprehension of what comprises great composition. Go up against your biases, and check your review and comprehension of the nuts and bolts. Generally significant, don’t think all that you think. 2. Be Open to New and Unusual Usage Language changes, and essayists must change with it. This doesn’t imply that you should forsake your elevated expectations and acknowledge casual language; a few settings basically don't take into account an unwinding of the standards. However, most types of composing are adaptable, and you ought to be, as well. Adjust the language to the substance, yet consider additionally adjusting the substance to the language. 3. Confirm If all else fails, find it. When not in question, find it. Don’t be content with spell-checking programs; check meanings of words, expressions and articulations yet additionally their implications. While talking about an individual, spot, or thing, don’t just twofold check the spelling and treatment of the term; reacquaint yourself with the individual, spot, or thing to affirm or address your feeling that the reference is fitting for the substance. (What's more, check your realities.) Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Writing Basics classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† toward the Beginning of a SentenceHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?Predicate Complements

Fdi’s in Retail Sector in India-a Special Focus on Farmers. Free Essays

FDI’S IN RETAIL SECTOR IN INDIA †A SPECIAL FOCUS ON INDIAN FARMERS. PAPER PRESENTED BY M. V. We will compose a custom exposition test on Fdi’s in Retail Sector in India-a Special Focus on Farmers. or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now KALESWARA RAO, K. CHALAPATHI RAO DASARI. NIVAS. (Research Scholars) Dept Of Economics, Kakatiya University. WARANGAL. ? FDI’S IN RETAIL SECTOR IN INDIA †A SPECIAL FOCUS ON INDIAN FARMERS. The Foreign Direct Investment implies â€Å"cross fringe venture made by an occupant in one economy in an undertaking in another economy, with the target of building up an enduring enthusiasm for the investee economy. FDI is likewise depicted as â€Å"investment into the matter of a nation by an organization in another country†. For the most part the speculation is into creation by either purchasing an organization in the objective nation or by growing tasks of a current business in that country†. Such ventures can happen for some, reasons, including to exploit less expensive wages, uncommon speculation benefits (e. g. charge exceptions) offered by the nation. Significant advantages of FDI : (an) Improves forex position of the nation; (b) Employment age and increment underway ; c) Help in capital arrangement by bringing new capital; (d) Helps in move of new advancements, the executives abilities, protected innovation (e) Increases rivalry inside the nearby market and this brings higher efficiencies (f) Helps in expanding trades; (g) Increases charge incomes GLOBAL RETAILING SCENARIO: Retail has assumed a significant job in improving the profitability of the entire economy on the loose . The positive effect of sorted out retailing could be found in USA, UK, and Mexico and furthermore in China. Retail is the second biggest industry in US. It is additionally one of the biggest work generators. It is additionally essential to comprehend that Argentina, China, Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore and Thailand have permitted 100% FDI in multi brand retail. These nations profited gigantically from it. Likewise little retailers exist together. The nature of the administrations has expanded. China allowed FDI in retail in 1992 and has seen immense venture streaming into the area. It has not influenced the little or residential retail chains on the opposite little retailers have expanded since 2004 from 1. 9 million to more than 2. million. Take for instance Indonesia where still 90% of the business despite everything stays in the hand of little dealers. FDI IN RETAIL PRESENT STATUS: 51% FDI in multi brand Retail and 100% in single brand is put hold till the time agreement is reached between the ideological groups. There is solid restriction being seen inside the UPA partners in setting of FDI in retail. Addi tionally resistance is considering this to be a chance to get the political mileage. Purposes behind ALLOWING FDI’s IN RETAIL MARKETS Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) supplements and enhancements local venture. Residential organizations are profited through FDI, by method of improved access to beneficial capital and best in class advancements; presentation to worldwide administrative practices and chances of mix into worldwide markets. Government had initiated an examination, regarding the matter of â€Å"Impact of Organized Retailing on the Unorganized Sector†, through the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), which was submitted to Government in 2008. The ICRIER study showed huge advantages for different partners, for example, purchasers, ranchers and makers, emerging from the development of sorted out retail. In light of the investigation, just as the experience of different nations, it is the Government’s appraisal that usage of the strategy allowing FDI, up to 51%, in multi-brand retail exchanging, is probably going to encourage more noteworthy FDI inflows into front and back-end foundation; advances and efficiencies to open the capability of the rural worth chain; extra and quality business; and worldwide accepted procedures. This, thusly, is relied upon to profit buyers and ranchers over the long haul, as far as quality and cost. The 30% obligatory sourcing condition has been fused to empower neighborhood esteem expansion and assembling. The expanded degree of action, in the front-end, just as in the back-end, coming about because of more noteworthy FDI inflows, is required to make extra work open doors for provincial and urban youth. It is, further, expected to support existing merchants and retail outlets to overhaul and become progressively effective, along these lines offering better types of assistance to purchasers and better compensation to the makers from whom they source their items. There is no system to waitlist organizations. Remote speculators covetous of putting resources into retail exchange (multi brand or single brand) in India are required to present their applications in the Department of Industrial Policy Promotion, where their applications are analyzed to decide if the proposed venture fulfills the told rules, before being considered by the Foreign Investment Promotion Board, in the Ministry of Finance, for Government endorsement. According to some news things distributed on 17. 11. 012, Wal-Mart, USA, is expressed to be asking into charges of potential infringement, under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of USA, in specific nations where the organization is working. India has rigid enemy of defilement laws. Any degenerate practices are obligated to be managed suitably under relevant laws. This data was given by the Minister of State for Commerce Industry Dr. S. Jagathrakshakan in composed answer to an inquiry in Rajy Sabha. Gigantic GROWTH OPPORTUNI TY FOR RETAILERS India is Asia’s third biggest retail advertise after China and Japan. Composed retailing is virgin space in India. It gives gigantic development opportunity. Just 5% of the complete deals are being finished by sorted out retailer. As of now Indian Retail division have deals of around $500 billion. Retail segment is relied upon to have deals of $900 billion by 2014. It still a long ways behind China, whose retail deals by 2014 is relied upon to cross $4500 billion imprint. Buying intensity of Indian urban purchaser is developing and marked product in classes like Apparels, Cosmetics, Shoes, Watches, Beverages, Food and even Jewelry, are gradually turning out to be way of life items that are broadly acknowledged by the urban Indian buyer. The Indian retail area can be extensively characterized into: Food Retailers Health and excellence Products Clothing and Footwear Home Furniture Household merchandise Durable products Leisure Personal Goods Of these above fragment Food and refreshment and dress portion is required to develop exponentially. Development DRIVERS OF INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR: Rising Income and increment in combination of customer taste and inclinations. Double family Income. Information about various item through various medium like Internet, Television and so on. Likewise information abou t the most recent pattern and style. 7% of the India’s populace is younger than 30. This classification is driving the utilization story. Development of new retailing position. Accessibility of Credit Facilities. HOW FARMERS TO GET BENEFITED: Farmers in India get just 10%-12% of the value the purchaser pays for the agri-items. Happening to sorted out retailing will profit ranchers in large manner. Enormous retailers sell their item at extremely serious costs. Along these lines, they source it legitimately from the ranchers. Center man doesn't have wherever in this arrangement of retailing. This won't just advantage ranchers yet in addition help in checking the food expansion. Additionally India has insufficient offices to store the food grains and vegetables. As the speculation will stream into back end framework, flexibly chain will get reinforced. Capacity is a significant issue territory and 20%-25% of the agri items get squandered because of inappropriate stockpiling. Another zone which is additionally the reason for concern is development of vegetable and other short-lived agri thing starting with one spot then onto the next. Absence of legitimate transportation powers the rancher to sell their produce in nearby market. This outcomes in the lower acknowledgment on the produce. Effect of FDI on ranchers everywhere throughout the world: In 1970, hoard makers got 48 pennies of every dollar spent on pork. in 2000 they got just 12 pennies. Costs to buyer didn't diminish. †¦ In 1990 farmers and ranchers got 60 pennies of the dollar spent on meat, retailers got 32. 5 and meat organizations 7. 5 pennies. In 2009 Farmers got 42. 5cent (somewhere around 1 7. 5), retailers 49 pennies, meat packers 8. 5cents. .. †¦ 4 pints of milk in UK costs 1. 45 pounds and rancher gets 40%(58 pence) of it. Causing lost 3 pence per 4 pints. Making little ranchers close there shops. In Indian rancher gets 75% of purchaser spend on a liter of milk. †¦ US ranchers got immediate product sponsorships of over $167 Bn in 1995-2010. EU paid ranchers direct appropriations of $51 Bn in 2010 alone. So why these huge retailers are not diminishing the endowments to the ranchers. †¦. In Mexico 25% of little ranchers are off cultivating now because of large retail and imports under NAFTA. †¦. As referenced in picture above in Europe stream of merchandise from 3. 2 million ranchers is constrained by 110 purchasing work areas of large retailers taking into account 160 million customers. Today India has in excess of 600 million (78% 0f all out rancher populace) little and negligible ranchers and an enormous purchaser base of in excess of a billion. Presently envision what destruction it might make when our little and peripheral ranchers should rival greater ranchers of created country who bring gigantic sponsorships from their legislatures. 32 Lakh European ranchers got all out sponsorship of Rs 26,970 Crores I. e. normal Rs 8,41,68 for each head approx. Presently 21 Crore Indian ranchers got complete endowment of about Rs. 1,54,00 Crores I. e. normal Rs 19,494 for each head approx. Presently if tomorrow these retail mammoths begin bringing in (utilizing unhindered commerce understanding)

Essay Samples of ESL Classes

Essay Samples of ESL ClassesEssay samples of ESL classes are necessary for those who want to take the EFL exam. They should also be taken before any other writing, such as a journal, diary or newspaper article. In addition, it is important to examine the way they are written, for it can indicate whether you will do well or not in the class.Most sample papers are written on a topic that is of interest to the student. However, students are not required to use all the topics in the sample papers. Some topics are more suited to them and they can choose to use a different topic in their writing. Therefore, if you feel that your topic is not suited to your essay, it may be time to re-think your topic.The difference between this and many other sample papers is that the writer is given an essay topic to write on and then they are asked to use one or more of the samples as well as the topic as a basis for their writing. This is a good way to find out if the topic is suitable to you and gives you the opportunity to see how it is written. It is a very effective way to measure your skill level and ability to read.The sample essays are most often selected from the course material that has been published by the curriculum provider. In this way, students have a complete set of examples that they can use to practice writing the test. They do not need to learn a new format or style. This means that they can save time and money by learning the sample topics right from the very beginning.Often, the essay samples include introductory questions. They are given as a way to get the student writing. The beginning of the essay will give a student an idea of what questions to expect. This will assist the student in coming up with questions that will allow them to answer. There are many examples available on the internet. They are usually presented by the same company that published the course material. Therefore, it will not be too difficult to find some examples that you like.Students should always try to keep an eye out for extra lessons. Some examples of these lessons are a review lesson. This review lesson will tell students what it is they need to know about the subject matter. By reading through this lesson, students will be able to determine which topic to use and how to structure the essay.Even though it is recommended that students study the material from the very beginning, there are some essays that are required on the final exam. These include essays that cover topics that are very technical in nature. These include the fields of biology, physics, chemistry and engineering. It is best to start studying these topics right from the very beginning so that they can be used effectively on the final exam.

Health Care System Is Unfair - 4946 Words

While excellent medical care is available in the United States, health care economics and the service delivery system present many challenges for the consumer and practitioner alike. This paper addresses four dimensions that are pivotal to the successes and failures of the system: cost, efficiency, choice and equity. The interplay of these dimensions across the canvas of health care options defines a system in flux, policymakers seeking a fair balance, and a nation in need of quality, affordable, accessible care. How do Americans pay for health care? The cost of health care in the U.S. is the highest in the world today. A higher percentage of national income, and more per capita, is spent on medical care by the United States than by†¦show more content†¦However, some characteristics are shared among all these plans. In service of cost-effectiveness, these organizations manage the financing of care delivered to members. For example, buying in bulk achieves lower prices for services from hospitals and practitioners. Efficiency and cost control are enhanced by limiting choice; members are limited to a list of approved physicians, and doctors are restricted to formularies and sanctioned procedures. Another cost-saving measure is the prevalent requirement for referral from a primary physician in order to consult a specialist. This restriction may undermine efficient service delivery, as well as access to services. Choosing a pricier plan can mitigate the restrictions on freedom of choice; however, this poses the broader issues of equity and access. Of course, the member realizes efficiency benefits in that the plan manages the delivery system: the where, what and by whom of health care. Perhaps the best example of this is the one-stop shop of the HMO. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) - staff-model. Everything the member ordinarily needs is efficiently contained in a single location; caregivers and customer service, pharmacy and labs. The HMO premium is paid in advance by the plan member or the member s employer. The size of the premium is independent of the individual plan member s patternShow MoreRelatedJustice System And The United States1083 Words   |  5 Pagesis where the justice system comes in and their job is suppose to allow justice to be served. Over the years, the criminal justice system has lacked in that area according to almost half of the United States citizens. Many may ask the question, why?, but there is no definite answer for why the justice system has lacked in its area of justice. The real question is, how? How can this be changed? That is the question many American Citizens are asking. The American justice system is lacking in the areaRead MoreAccess to Health Care: A Constitutional Right850 Words    |  3 PagesAccess to health care forms part of the socio-economic rights which are entrenched in the Constitution . In relation to access to health care, the application of socio-economic rights are subject to the availability of resources . In this essay I will discuss the developments in South African law with regards to the Constitution , focusing on discrimination and the right to life, in terms of access to health care in South Africa. I will provide examples in terms of case law and legislation to illustrateRead MoreObamacare: A Rocky Start To A Smoother Future Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesapplicable on more than just a personal level, but also a national level with the Affordable Care Act being the new stranger in our lives. The Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as Obamacare signed into law back in 2010, has recently come into play of many people’s lives in a relationship many of us have been comfortable with over the years, that being the relationship between ourselves and our health care. (Fielding 30) With a difficult glitch ridden start and opponents denouncing the bill’s overallRead MoreHigh Risk Pools At One Time A Patients Last Hope1162 Words   |  5 Pagesconditions, insurance compani es closed many of their high risk pools (Health Insurance). Throughout my visits at CHKD, I heard about numerous different situations in which the insurance companies have left their customers out in the cold looking for a choice and balance that no longer exists. Seeing families that literally have to live paycheck to paycheck is hard, but it is completely heartbreaking when their child’s lifesaving medical care is on the line. I will never forget the day that I sat next toRead MoreDiscrimination in Health Care1218 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity. Significant Issue From the very first day at Streetworks, a prominent issue that has emerged within many client interactions is the discrimination present in health care institutions. Many clients have identified negative experiences present in emergency rooms based on feelings of discrimination and unfair treatment. It is an unfortunate and surprising realization for me as I am a firm believer in social justice and equality. The most detailed and profound example I had encounteredRead MoreThe Article Need An Organ933 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"Need an Organ? It Helps to be Rich,† by Joy Victory informs readers of how medical systems work for those who are in need of an organ transplant. In the article, Victory talks about a 34-year-old man named Brian Shane Regions - who is in need of a heart transplant, but is not able to secure one because he is not insured. Therefore, not having insurance, Brian is put into an unfortunate situation because he is simply not getting any treatment for his heart failure. This is a great exampleRead MoreMama Might Be Better off Dead by Laurie Kaye Abraham968 Words   |  4 Pagesstory, Jackie Banes and Mrs. Jackson. Throughout the book, I found Mrs. Jackson to have the best connection with public health. Mrs. Jackson was an elderly and disabled women with a variety of health care odds stacked against her. She had numerous health concerns; such as, d iabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and an amputated limb (Abraham, 1993). Mrs. Jackson suffered these health issues because she was a poverty stricken women and experienced economically depressed living conditions. Due to herRead MoreAn Article On The Health System Of The Indigenous Ashtray Lien Health Care966 Words   |  4 Pagesashtray lien health care. The article goes on to discuss how comparison of the indigenous Australian review against the Paris reference guide and suggests fledging but growing state of indigenous implementation research (McCalman et al., 2016). An article by Al-sharqi in 2012 it discusses the health system developments in Australia. The Contemporary health system in Australia evolved over two stages that are outlined as follows: the period was characterized by the development of health care servicesRead MoreMy Field Of Interest On Health Care1383 Words   |  6 Pagesinterest on health care and I will be doing it on a global level because I feel like health care all of the world is not equal for everyone. I am going to focus on 3 different countries and also focus on how men and women get different health care options within their country. The countries I will be comparing will be Canada, Czech Republic and Africa. These countries are very different when it comes to health care systems and there is a lot of unfairness on how people are allowed to receive health careRead MoreCanada s Immigration System Lacks Heart879 Words   |  4 PagesCanada’s immigration system lacks heart, critics say, is an article filled with professional opinions and debates. These debates and opinions are regarding the humanitarian and compassionate side of immigration and refugee law in Canada. The article’s main purpose is to expose how Canada has changed its compassion for acceptance of refugees in recent years. Canada has always been recognized as an accepting and â€Å"go-to† country in crisis. However, in recent years, there have been changes. Refugee

Comparing 1984 And Brave New World - 1364 Words

1984 and Brave New World First Assignment Elizabeth Schepis Class: Monday and Wednesday There is a high probability that most people have heard of the saying, â€Å"Big Brother is watching you.† The saying comes from George Orwell’s book, 1984. A story which depicts a nightmarish view of society. Big Brother plays a key role throughout the novel for his surveillance state. Surveillance functions consistently in the dystopia, affecting the way individuals view themselves by their present day technology. Within the dystopian society of Oceania, the Party, also known as the leaders, convince their citizens that they are well cared for by the government. With their overruling power, they â€Å"watch† their citizens on a daily basis. Big Brother’s†¦show more content†¦The Party exists. Big Brother is the embodiment of the Party† (Orwell 214). Monitoring people’s unapproved actions, the Party gains power, therefor, Surveillance frightened citizens follow their duties. To Winston, it shaped perspective of himself and the world . As readers, we observe the development of Winston throughout the novel. Winston is a confused and odd character. He sees life differently from his peers and surroundings. Unlike any other character, Winston questions the ideas and factors that play into his society, especially constant surveillance. â€Å"For some reason the telescreen in the living room was in an unusual position. Instead of being placed, as was normal, in the end wall, where it could command the whole room, it was in the longer wall, opposite the window†¦ By sitting in the alcove, and keeping well back, Winston was able to remain outside the range of the telescreen, so far as sight went† (Orwell 9). Winston’s thought was the Party could not see him from the alcove. He began participating in deviance actions. He made up many different conspiracies of the past, including wars and stories. Even though he had seen things from history, he did not have an explanation for them. Winston was aware of w hat was being hidden from citizens. The knowledge encouraged him to act inappropriately towards the Party, even in surveillance sight. Winston disagrees with the Party’s deeds. He believed people could outwit them. AsShow MoreRelatedDystopian Society: Comparing Brave New World and 1984 Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesDystopian Society: Comparing Brave New World and 1984 Different societies have risen and fallen in the continual search for the â€Å"perfect† society. The definition of this utopia is in constant flux due to changing times and cultural values. Many works of literature have been written describing a utopian society and the steps needed to achieve it. However, there are those with a more cynical or more realistic view of society that comment on current and future trends. These individuals lookRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World1279 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneration. George Orwell wrote â€Å"1984† in response to the impeding totalitarianism of the Soviet Union over Europe on the cusp of WWII after having experience the regime first hand in Spain. â€Å"1984† displays the fears of living under a totalitarian society along, warning readers not to become mindless followers to the government and to question authority figures along with the order of things. Similarly, â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxle y was written partially in response to the new improvements in technologyRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley919 Words   |  4 Pages In Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, the social boundaries that we have today regarding sex does not exist, families are obsolete as citizens are made in Bokanovsky’s Process (one that does not require sex meaning, the need for parents is gone), and the government conditions their citizens from early ages to keep stability throughout its regime. Brave New World follows protagonist Bernard (and his hidden love for nature and struggle for freedom) through this society, revealing all of it’s gloryRead MoreA New Dystopia By George Orwell1372 Words   |  6 PagesA New Dystopia Who will reign supreme; Aldous Huxley or George Orwell? Ever since these two authors released their dystopian novels over 50 years ago, both authors and avid fans have argued as to which dystopia will take over our society. Will it be the brute force, boot and gun approach of Orwell s dystopia or the all-loving, drug-accepting society that Huxley illustrates? If you take a closer look, a mix of both dystopias is quite apparent in our society today; we are living in our own modernRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay: Brave New World Versus 19841675 Words   |  7 Pagesactions of its people in order to become powerful. In the novels, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell, two futuristic dystopias are depicted. Both of them show totalitarian rule, where liberty has been deprived by different means of control. In Brave New World, the control of society is maintained through a peaceful way that consists in convincing people of loving their lack freedom. On the other side, in 1984, control is upheld by surveillance, the restriction of informationRead MoreWhy Do We Have A Feeling Something Just Isn t Quite Right?783 Words   |  4 Pagesjust isn’t quite right? Why does it no longer matter who you vote for, nothing changes? What happened to Workers of the World Unite ? In today’s world of indoctrination, propaganda and conspiracy theories, there is very rarely a clear cut line between fact and fiction. For every explanation there is a counter explanation and it is left to the individual to make sense of the world around them. In the upside down and back to front west, where beliefs replace reality and an estimated 40% of EuropeansRead MoreEssay about Book Review: China in 21st Century978 Words   |  4 Pagesof China. The author’s ways of reasoning in this chapter is clever as it puts each question into perspective. Many comparisons were provided such as the point of views of The Chinese vs. U.S on Tibet, and China’s way of governing comparing to the Brave New World and 1984. Within each comparison, it forms a strong evidence base to support the purpose of the chapter. By laying out different viewpoints, it protects the author from the fear of falling into the trap of biased statements. Not only didRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Brave New World 2696 Words   |  11 Pagesof ‘Brave New World and ‘1984’. However, both authors approach their respective dystopian visions in different ways. Orwell envisioned INGSOC, a state based on security and repressive surveillance, utilising totalitarianism forms of control. Whilst Huxley depicted a society held captive by profligate consumption forcing its citizens to embrace their own oppression whilst being made blissfully ignorant by entertainment, spectacle and most importantly technology. First and foremost, ‘1984’ andRead MoreThe Benefits Of Nonconformity1168 Words   |  5 Pagesshown that, although people may value independence over conformity, people will routinely look to the group because they are unsure of what to do or - even if they are informed - will go along with the norm because they are afraid of being different. A new study in the journal Neuron reveals that when people have a view in contrast with the group consensus, their brains react: the â€Å"oops area† of the brain becomes extra active, while the â€Å"reward area† slows down (Landau, Elizabeth). This study demonstratesRead MoreEssay On Tobias Wolff1862 Words   |  8 PagesTobias Wolff is probably best known for his short-story collections Back in the World (1985), In the Garden of the North American Martyrs (1981), and The Night in Question (1996) and for his novel The Barracks Thief (1984), which won the PEN/Faulkner Award in 1985. Wolff has also written two autobiographies. The first, A Boy s Life (1989), won the Los Angeles TImes Book Award for biography and was made into a movie (1993) in which Wolff was played by Leonardo DiCaprio. The second autobiography,

Antitrust Law And The Antitrust Laws - 2190 Words

ANTITRUST Antitrust law in the United States is a collection of federal and state government laws regulating the conduct and organization of business corporations with the intent to promote fair competition in an open-market economy for the benefit of the public. Congress passed the first antitrust statute, the Sherman Antitrust Act, in 1890 in response to the public outrage toward big business. In 1914, Congress passed two additional antitrust laws: the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Act. (The Antitrust Laws. Web.) Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits the efforts of multiple firms to restrain trade by controlling prices and supply in a market (46 Case W. Res. 1033). In terms of a professional sports league, a†¦show more content†¦J. 121). In 1961, Congress passed the Sports Broadcasting Act which allowed major professional sports to pool the broadcast rights of its member clubs to negotiate television broadcast agreements that normally would have violated federal antitrust laws. (21 Jeffery S. Moorad Sports Law Journal 577) This antitrust exemption enabled the NFL to protect its primary revenue source of live attendance by negotiating with the networks as to when and where games would be televised. Five years later, in 1966, Congress passed the Public Law 89-900 which had a major impact on how the NFL would be examined under federal law. The statue contained an antitrust provision that allowed for the merger of the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL) without the threat of an antitrust challenge under the Clayton Antitrust Act or Federal Trade Commissions Act. The act stated that: â€Å"such laws shall not apply to a joint agreement by which the member clubs of two or more professional football leagues, which are exempt from income tax under section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, combine their operations in expanded single league so exempt from income tax, if such agreement increases rather than decreases the number of professional football clubs so operating, and the provisions of which are directly relevant thereto.† 15 U.S.C.  § 1291. The merger between the NFL and AFL represented a unique characteristic of theShow More RelatedAntitrust Law2734 Words   |  11 Pages| ANTITRUST LAW | | Name -Manpreet Kaur [Date] | â€Å"The mission of the Antitrust Division is to promote economic competition through enforcing and providing guidance on antitrust laws and principles†. Antitrust laws have been developed to create the strong foundation of a free amp; open market of a vibrant economy. Market is so competitive now a days, there are so many options available for products amp; services, which is the result of antitrust laws. Antitrust is developed to helpRead More AntiTrust Laws Essay4454 Words   |  18 PagesAntiTrust Laws Introduction Competition in economics is rivalry in supplying or acquiring an economic service or good. Sellers compete with other sellers, and buyers with other buyers. In its perfect form, there is competition among many small buyers and sellers, none of whom is too large to affect the market as a whole; in practice, competition is often reduced by a great variety of limitations, including monopolies. The monopoly, a limit on competition, is an example of market failureRead MoreThe Decision For Us Federal Antitrust Law1630 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintaining a higher retail price?. The first part of this paper attempts to answer these questions whilst deliberating on the majority and minority judgements of the US Supreme Court in Leegin and the significance of the decision for US federal antitrust law. The second part of this paper compares the US Federal and EU approaches to RPM. Several economic theories postulate enhanced consumer welfare as a reason why a manufacturer might endorse a policy that supports higher retail prices; some otherRead MoreForever: de Beers and U.S. Antitrust Law13035 Words   |  53 Pages9-700-082 DEBORA SPAR Forever: De Beers and U.S. Antitrust Law Educational material supplied by The Case Centre Copyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9I Order reference F267708 CoursePack code C-788-275379-STU â€Å"As a worldwide dealer in enchanting illusions, Disney has nothing on De Beers.† - The Economist1 In 1999, a series of spectacular advertisements adorned the bus-sides and billboards of major American cities. 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Fundamental issues in financial accounting - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Fundamental issues in financial accounting. Answer: Introduction: This case study has been prepared regarding a company that is Sunshine Ltd in which the General Manager named Kam Sunshine considered approaching Maria Mars which is the accountant of the company. The objective was to ensure certain advancements within the companys incoming profit discretely. This has increased certain dilemma for the accountant for the reason that she is focussed on her contract renewal in the company. Other than being aware of the fact that certain actions remain unethical, Maria has altered the depreciation method from applying straight line method to using the sum-of-years digits technique (Bazley et al. 2013). For this reason, the stakeholders has recognised that in this case study is focussed on shareholders, governments, communities, partners, suppliers, consumers, accountant, general manager and the creditors. Certain ethical concerns recognised by Maria in altering the depreciation methods that is explained in accordance with the requirements of the company along with AASB 116 effect. Governance and Ethics: It is explained that governance and ethics is concerned about mortality and it is not imposed on anyone. In contrast, ethics is considered to be highly efficient as the confidence of the users might get boosted with maintaining the necessary level and quality of work. Certain concerns associated with ethics of Sunshine Ltd are explained below: Objectivity Violation- General Manager of Sunshine Ltd is observed to misbehave with the companys senior management for certain personal gain and the accountant has also supported the person in attaining such objective. The company has employed several depreciation techniques on the fixed assets in order to indicate the devaluation effect along with depreciation method. This might indicate a situation within which the future advantages associated with assets are anticipated to be caused. Maria has altered the method of depreciation that has resulted in certain difference within the timing of the overall depreciation (Aasb.gov.au. 2017). This has resulted on the decisions of the shareholders to get impacted from the real decisions by certain anticipations regarding error. The accountant was held responsible to indicate accounting information in a better manner and the changes within financial reports should be reported. This is deemed to be against the working ethics of the accountant that has interrupted the necessary objectivity principle. Integrity and Transparency Defect- the Companys shareholders are deemed to have the responsibility to realise about the profitability associated with its investments. Relied on such variation associated with their investment profitability, they have the right to make sure that the shares are kept within the company. For addressing the needs of the shareholders within Sunshine Limited, Kam Sunshine has explained the fact that altering the deprecation method for developing an illusion of constant high profit. This indicates absence of integrity and transparency on the behalf of Sunshine Ltd in order to signify proper information to the financial statement users (Beatty and Liao 2014). Role of Accountants in Depreciation Method Change Relied on the information explained within the case study, Maria Mars has considered altering the depreciation method to be used from being straight line method to sum-of-years digits method (Bevis 2013). The major objective of employing the sun-of-years digits method is to decrease the necessary profit level in the future two years in order to transfer the same to 2018 and 2019 in order to deal with the expected economic depression. This might be explained with the support of the below mentioned illustration: Asset cost = $500,000 Useful life = 5 years Salvage value = $50,000 In addition, the comparison between profits through employing the two depreciation methods is indicated in the below section: Straight-line depreciation method: Straight-line depreciation = (Cost of asset Salvage value)/ Useful life Straight-line depreciation = ($500,000 - $50,000)/5 = $90,000 Sum-of-years-digits method of depreciation: Sum-of-years-digits method = Depreciable base x (Left over useful life/ Sum-of-years-digits) Sum-of-years-digits = n (n + 1)/2 Sum-of-years-digits = 5 (5 + 1)/2 Sum-of-years-digits (SYD) = 15 Years Depreciable base Left over useful life SYD Applicable percent Yearly depreciation 1 $450,000 5 5/15 33.33% $150,000 2 $450,000 4 4/15 26.67% $120,000 3 $450,000 3 3/15 20.00% $90,000 4 $450,000 2 2/15 13.33% $60,000 5 $450,000 1 1/15 6.67% $30,000 Statement indicating changes in deprecation: Years Straight-line depreciation Yearly depreciation (SYD) Difference 1 $90,000 $150,000 ($60,000) 2 $90,000 $120,000 ($30,000) 3 $90,000 $90,000 Nil 4 $90,000 $60,000 $30,000 5 $90,000 $30,000 $60,000 After altering the depreciation method, the necessary depreciation amount can increase in the initial years. Moreover, it might result in decline in the future years. This might facilitate in maintaining the profits to be constant over the future years because of the decrease on the depreciation charges with the passage of years (Callen 2015). Therefore, Maria Mars has a major role in altering the depreciation method from straight line method to sum-of-years digits technique in addressing the objectives of Kam Sunshine that is the general manager of the company. Stakeholders It is gathered from the Sunshine Ltd case study that a stakeholder is an individual, company or a group that has interest or concern in other companies. In this case study, the major shareholders those are recognised are explained under: Government and Communities- Communities and the government are considered as eternal shareholders for they are linked closely with Sunshine Ltd (Christensen, Cottrell and Baker 2013). As companies has their operation within the community, their conducts has an impact beyond consumers. The company experience taxes and in certain cases it is the informal expectations of the residents to have business operation in an ethical manner and sustain environmental sustainability. Moreover, the communities anticipate the companies to be linked with events along with domestic charitable giving. The government entities take certain decisions that might have an impact on Sunshine Limited Companys operations (Crawley and Wahlen 2014). For this reason, it is deemed to be considerable for the business managers of the company in sustaining strong link with the domestic officials for anticipating regulatory changes or community development impacting the companys operations. Consumers- The consumers are observed as vital external shareholders and these are required to be considered. In the retailers case, the consumers are deemed to be customers. For this reason, retaining, drawing and generating loyalty from the major consumers make sure of extended term financial progress of the company (Dutta and Patatoukas 2016). Considering the business-to-business companies, the business companies are the consumers those acquire goods for commercial purposes. The trade resellers are associated in direct selling from retailers or wholesalers and in certain scenario end consumers must be considered to be an aspect of the stakeholders. In a scenario where the consumers do not acquire the manufactured goods for instance, the distribution channel failure is inevitable. Suppliers and Partners- The business partners and suppliers are observed as major shareholders within the recent competitive environment (Henderson et al. 2015). The companies generally tend to maintain loyal relationship with the suppliers and the associates. This might support Sunshine Ltd in maintaining common goals, shared vision and strategies. The buyers and the trade sellers might efficiently collaborate in offering maximum value to the end consumers that is beneficial to the partners. Moreover, the trade partners are anticipated to have its operation in an ethical way for avoiding hampering consumer reputation of the company related with Sunshine Ltd. Accountant- As per the Sunshine Ltd case study, Maria Mars the accountant that supported in developing the financial statements along with altering the profit from the tear 2016 to 2017 along with 2018 to 2019. Creditors- It is explained that the companies often employ lenders in order to fund their purchases, business ventures, asset purchases as well as the supply purchases (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). The banks are involved in offering loans for vital purchases that includes new building. The suppliers can offer product inventory on account that is paid by the company at some other time in future. The current creditors of Sunshine Ltd might anticipate that the payment deadlines are addressed regularly along with accordingly. In such scenario, the company might be able to enhance relationships with its creditors that might increase the profitability of attaining effective funding in upcoming years. Shareholders- The individuals those invest in Sunshine Ltd for attaining advantages through attaining a share of the business profit is recognised as the vital shareholders of the company (May 2013). General Manager- In alignment with the given case study, Kam Sunshine is recognised to be Sunshine Ltd Companys general manager. The individual is likely to undertake certain decisions for enhancing total organizational performance (Van Mourik 2014). AASB 116 Standard Effect After the end of the period 30th June, 2015, Kam Sunshine has manipulated Maria Mars in recognising a manner for decreasing the profits in the future two years that initiates from 2016 and continues. Hence, this might offer regular profits over the future two years in order to address the interests of the shareholders. The accountant has altered the depreciation method fro being the straight line method to sum-of-digits technique (Narayanaswamy 2014). Moreover, Maria Mars has not disclosed any alterations made within the financial statements of the company. AASB 116 that is an Australian Accounting Standards Board associated with plant, property and equipment is a complied standard that is applicable to the annual reporting periods that initiated on or after 1st July, 2009. This standard has an objective to stipulate the accounting treatment associated with property, plant and equipment for providing necessary information to the financial statement users in accordance with the compan ys investment on certain assets along with required advancements in that investment. Certain vital concerns associated with accounting of plant, property and equipment are within the asset realization, the ascertainment of the carrying amounts along with advancements within depreciation along with impairment losses that is realised along with the same (McLaney and Atrill 2014). Within this case study, Maria Mars has advanced the method of depreciation from the straight line method to the sum-of-years digits method. Such concept associated with depreciation technique is segmenting the cost of tangible asset aver useful life of any good. It is also gathered that the business firms are getting highly associated within depreciating fixed or the non-current assets for attaining purposes of accounting and tax reasons. Accounting aspects is deemed to have an effect on the prepared net income statement of the company and tax based factors is observed to have an effect on the balance sheet statement of the company. Majorly, certain cost is apportioned in the depreciation expense form in time duration where the asset is anticipated to be used. The business companies realise their expenses for tax financial reporting and tax factors (May 2013). The techniques of computing depreciation along with the years over which certain assets are depreciated might diverge among t he type of assets in the similar business along with difference in tax purposes. The accounting standards along with laws can specify the same as it varies in several countries. The techniques of calculating depreciation expense are numerous that includes straight line method, decreasing balance along with sum-of-years-digits methods. Certain emergence of depreciation expense is present at the time the assets are utilised within the service. It is also gathered that the sum-of-years-digits method serves as an accelerated process for calculating the asset depreciation. The formula that is employed in calculating the value of depreciation under this process is explained under: SYD depreciation = Depreciable base x (Left over useful life/ Sum-of-years-digits method) This technique is developed in order to signify the consumption pattern of an important asset. Moreover, it is also employed in the absence of any particular pattern in the process where the asset must be used over the future years (May 2013). The straight line depreciation technique charges uniform costs over the non-current assets useful life. Such depreciation method is efficient within which the economic realisation from an asset is deemed to be realised in a better manner over their useful lives. Depreciation per year = (Cost Residual value)/ Useful life Sunshine Ltd is a huge departmental store along with having a group of members that undertakes decisions developed on rules at the time of the companys emergence. For this reason, Kam Sunshine has not followed the organizational policy through undertaking certain personal decisions that has direct effect on the companys financial statement. In addition, from the case study it is observed that certain advancements those were made in the company is focussed in taking the final decision that is required to e disclosed to all the stakeholders related with the company (May 2013). For this reason, it might be elucidated that the conducts of Maria Mars was not in accordance with AASB 116. Conclusion: The objective was to ensure certain advancements within the companys incoming profit discretely. This has increased certain dilemma for the accountant for the reason that she is focussed on her contract renewal in the company. From the above discussion, it could be stated that the company has employed several depreciation techniques on the fixed assets in order to indicate the devaluation effect along with depreciation method. This might indicate a situation within which the future advantages associated with assets are anticipated to be caused. Maria has altered the method of depreciation that has resulted in certain difference within the timing of the overall depreciation. References: Aasb.gov.au., 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB116_07-04_ERDRjun10_07-09.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Bazley, M., Hancock, P., Fisher, C., Lovell, A., Berk, J., DeMarzo, P., Berk, J. and DeMarzo, P., 2013.Financial Accounting: An Integrated. Thomson Pty Ltd, South Melbourne. Beatty, A. and Liao, S., 2014. Financial accounting in the banking industry: A review of the empirical literature.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.339-383. Bevis, H.W., 2013.Corporate Financial Accounting in a Competitive Economy (RLE Accounting). Routledge. Callen, J.L., 2015. A selective critical review of financial accounting research.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,26, pp.157-167. Christensen, T., Cottrell, D. and Baker, R., 2013.Advanced Financial Accounting(No. 2013). McGraw-Hill. Crawley, M. and Wahlen, J., 2014. Analytics in empirical/archival financial accounting research.Business Horizons,57(5), pp.583-593. Dutta, S. and Patatoukas, P.N., 2016. Identifying Conditional Conservatism in Financial Accounting Data: Theory and Evidence.The Accounting Review. Edwards, J.R., 2013.A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hoggett, J., Edwards, L., Medlin, J., Chalmers, K., Hellmann, A., Beattie, C. and Maxfield, J., 2014. Financial accounting. May, G.O., 2013.Financial accounting. Read Books Ltd. McLaney, E.J. and Atrill, P., 2014.Accounting and Finance: An Introduction. Pearson. Narayanaswamy, R., 2014.Financial accounting: a managerial perspective. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Van Mourik, C., 2014. Fundamental issues in financial accounting and reporting theory. Routledge. Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. and Francis, J., 2013.Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning.